Testosterone is essential for both initiating and maintaining spermatogenesis. Its production depends on the pituitary gland, a small structure at the base of the brain that releases two key hormones:
- Luteinizing hormone (LH) → stimulates Leydig cells in the testes to produce testosterone.
- Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) → acts on Sertoli cells to support optimal sperm production.
Beyond Sperm Production: Other Roles of Testosterone
Testosterone also plays a crucial role in:
- Development of male external genitalia during fetal life.
- Muscle growth and strength.
- Libido and erectile function.
How Does Testosterone Change With Age?
As men age, testosterone levels gradually decline, leading to a range of symptoms known as andropause. While the number of sperm does not significantly decrease, the quality of sperm declines, which can:
- Reduce fertility.
- Increase the risk of genetic abnormalities in offspring.
