The gold standard test for assessing Fallopian tube function is the hysterosalpingography (HSG). This procedure involves injecting a contrast dye through the vagina to retrogradely fill and visualize the Fallopian tubes, ensuring they are open (patent).
X-ray imaging captures the flow of contrast from the uterus into the tubes, observing whether it spreads freely around the ovaries.
What Can HSG Detect?
HSG helps diagnose blockages in the tubes, which can be:
- Proximal (close to the uterus).
- Distal (near the ovaries).
HSG is often reported as painful, so pain management may be needed. It also requires a preventive course of antibiotics to reduce the risk of infection.
Does HSG Have a Therapeutic Effect?
Yes, in some cases, the pressure of the contrast dye can clear minor tube obstructions, leading to spontaneous pregnancy after the procedure.
Are There Less Invasive Alternatives?
A newer, less painful method involves hysterosonosalpingography, where a contrast gel is introduced into the uterus under ultrasound guidance. However, this method provides less precise information about the exact location of tube blockages.
When Is the Test Performed?
Both tests are done early in the menstrual cycle, after the period ends. If a woman has no periods, progesterone may be prescribed for 10 days to induce a menstrual cycle before testing.
