The ovaries are small organs located in the lower abdomen (pelvis) that play two key roles: producing female hormones—mainly estrogen—and releasing female reproductive cells, called oocytes or eggs. While the ovaries are present from birth, they remain relatively inactive until puberty. At that point, hormone production increases, leading to the maturation of one egg each month, which can develop into an embryo if fertilized. This ovarian function continues until menopause, when ovulation and menstrual cycles stop.
Estrogen is essential for the development and maintenance of external genital organs—the vulva, clitoris, and vaginal glands—as well as the breasts. It also plays a crucial role in keeping vaginal tissue well-lubricated and helps maintain bone strength and cardiovascular health. Women also naturally produce small amounts of androgens, hormones that are present in much higher levels in men, primarily testosterone.
