The uterus is typically assessed during a pelvic ultrasound, performed between days 2 and 5 of the menstrual cycle. This examination is done alongside antral follicle count to evaluate ovarian reserve.
What Can an Ultrasound Detect?
A pelvic ultrasound helps:
- Measure uterine size and assess its structure (cervix and uterine body).
- Identify fibroids (benign growths in the uterine muscle).
- Detect uterine malformations.
However, during menstruation, the uterine lining (endometrium) is too thin to properly assess the uterine cavity.
Advanced Uterine Assessments
To get a clearer view of the uterine cavity, additional tests may be performed:
- Hysterosonography
- A saline solution is injected into the uterus during an ultrasound.
- This pain-free technique distends the uterine cavity, creating contrast for better visualization.
- It helps detect polyps or fibroids that may prevent embryo implantation or affect pregnancy development.
- Done between days 6 and 10 of the cycle, after menstrual bleeding stops.
- Hysteroscopy
- A small camera is inserted into the uterus for direct visualization of lesions or abnormalities inside the cavity.
- Performed after menstruation ends, usually in a doctor’s office.
- No anesthesia is needed.
These additional tests provide a more precise evaluation of the uterine environment, which is essential for implantation and pregnancy success.
